Geotextiles: The Right Hand for Engineering and Construction

Geotextiles, also known as geotextiles, are permeable geosynthetics made from synthetic fibers by needling or weaving. The finished product is in the form of cloth, generally 4 - 6 meters in width and 50 - 100 meters in length.
Geotextiles are mainly divided into spun geotextiles and non-woven filament geotextiles. Spun geotextiles are characterized by high strength, corrosion resistance, good water permeability, good anti-microbial properties, easy construction and complete specifications. For example, its high strength is due to the use of plastic fibers, in the wet and dry state can maintain full strength and elongation; corrosion resistance, can be used in different acidity and alkalinity of the soil and water for a long time; water permeability is good in the fibers have a gap, there is a good seepage performance; anti-microbial resistance, microorganisms, insects do not damage; because of the material is light, soft, delivery, laying, construction is very convenient, the width of the width of up to 9 meters, the wider products in the country, the quality per unit area of 100 yuan. The width can be up to 9 meters, which is the wider product in China, and the quality of unit area is 100 - 1000g/m².
Nonwoven filament geotextile is usually made of polyester filament through needle punching. It also has many excellent properties, such as anti-aging, anti-ultraviolet radiation, high strength, high breaking strength and so on. The quality standard is GB/T 17639-2008, and the commonly used models are 200g/m2, 300g/m2, 400g/m2, 500g/m2, 600g/m2, etc. The special weight and width length can be customized. Nonwoven filament geotextile has good longitudinal and transverse drainage performance, extension performance, durability, water permeability, high strength and adaptability, etc., and can play a normal product performance in different environments and poor construction conditions.
In short, the different types of geotextiles have a wide range of application prospects in engineering and construction.
Second, the characteristics of geotextile

(I) Excellent physical properties
Geotextile is widely used in many engineering fields thanks to its excellent physical properties.
High strength: geotextile uses plastic fibers that maintain full strength and elongation whether in a dry or wet state. This makes it able to withstand certain tensile force and pressure in a variety of complex engineering environments, ensuring the stability of engineering structures. For example, in the reinforcing project of railroad roadbed, geotextile can enhance the tensile strength of the soil and prevent the deformation of the roadbed.
Corrosion resistance: geotextile can resist corrosion for a long time in soil and water with different acidity and alkalinity. This characteristic makes it play a stable role in water conservancy, mining and other projects in various environments. For example, in river dams, berms and other projects, geotextiles can resist the erosion of river water for a long time and keep its performance stable.
Good water permeability: the voids between the fibers make the geotextile have good water permeability. When water flows from the fine material soil layer into the coarse material soil layer, the geotextile can let the water flow through, and at the same time effectively intercept soil particles, fine sand and small stones, etc., to maintain the stability of soil and water engineering. In reservoirs, mines beneficiation and other projects, geotextile as a drainage material, can quickly and effectively discharge excess water.
Good anti-microbial properties: it is not damaged to microorganisms and insects. In the process of long-term use, it will not be damaged by the erosion of microorganisms or insects, which ensures the durability of the project.
Convenient construction: due to the light and flexible material, transportation, laying and construction are very convenient. At the project site, geotextile can be easily carried and laid, greatly improving the construction efficiency. At the same time, it has complete specifications, the width can be up to 9 meters, and the quality of unit area is 100 - 1000g/m², which can meet the needs of different projects.
(ii) Diversified classification characteristics
Geotextile can be classified into various types according to different production processes, lengths of filaments and raw materials, and each type has its unique characteristics and applicable scenes.
Distinguished by production process, there are non-woven geotextile and spun geotextile. Nonwoven geotextile is made of filament or staple fibers through different equipment and processes laid into a mesh, and then through needle punching and other processes to make different fibers interwoven together, with a good fabric gap, adhesion from good, tear resistance, deformation to adapt to the ability of a good, strong plane drainage capacity, surface soft multi-gap, high coefficient of friction, can increase the ability of soil particles such as adhesion to prevent the passage of fine particles to exclude excess moisture, and play a good protective role. It can increase the adhesion ability of soil particles, prevent the passage of small particles, and exclude the excess water. Spun geotextile is made by weaving equipment into regular interweaving, with high strength, low extension, durable, corrosion-resistant, water permeability and other excellent properties.
Distinguished by the length of the filament, there are filament nonwoven geotextile and short filament nonwoven geotextile. The tensile strength of filament is higher than that of short filament, which can be chosen according to specific requirements. Filament nonwoven geotextile made of polyester filament netting and solidification method, fiber arrangement into a three-dimensional structure, in addition to good mechanical properties, but also has a good longitudinal and transverse drainage properties and extension properties and high biological resistance, acid and alkali resistance, aging resistance and other chemical stability, at the same time, has a wide range of aperture, zigzag pore distribution, excellent permeability and filtration properties. The staple nonwoven geotextile is mainly made of polyester staple fiber, and also can be produced according to the requirements of polypropylene, polyamide, polyamide or mixed fiber needle punched nonwoven geotextile, which has the six functions of isolation, filtration, drainage, reinforcement, protection, closure and so on, and it can be widely used in the railroads, highways, sports stadiums, embankment dams, hydraulic construction, tunnels, coastal beaches, polder, environmental protection and other projects.
According to different raw materials, there are polyester filament geotextile, polypropylene geotextile, polyamide geotextile and so on. Polyester filament geotextile is made directly from polyester by spinning and needling, and the product specification is from 80 - 800g/m². It has the features of high strength, strong puncture resistance, acid and alkali resistance, corrosion resistance, anti-microbial resistance, aging resistance, good water permeability, good filtration, good soil retention and so on. Polypropylene geotextile is made of high-quality polypropylene with high strength, which is mainly used for highway, high-speed railroad, sliding layer and so on. Nylon geotextile, on the other hand, is characterized by high strength, good abrasion resistance, etc. It is suitable for some special engineering occasions.

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