Research on Innovation and Application Prospects of Molded Bag Materials and Technology

Mold bag as a new building materials in the project is increasingly widely used, this paper introduces the research background, purpose, basic concepts and classification, material properties and advantages, application areas and development prospects of mold bag. Mold bag is mainly made of double-layer chemical fiber woven fabric, according to the processing technology is divided into woven mold bag and simple mold bag. It has the characteristics of water permeability and high strength, and has obvious advantages in all kinds of projects, such as convenient construction and good integration with the environment. Mold bags have important applications in foundation engineering, road engineering, water conservancy engineering, environmental engineering and other fields, and the market prospect is broad, and the development of technology presents a diversified and intelligent trend. Future research can be in-depth from the material performance, construction technology, application field expansion, standardization and sustainable development.

1.1 Research background
Molded bags, as a new type of construction material, are increasingly widely used in engineering, but the research is still insufficient.
With the continuous development of the construction industry, the demand for new building materials is increasing. As a new type of construction material, molded bag has many advantages, such as easy construction, fast speed, adapting to all kinds of complex terrain, good water permeability and so on, so it is more and more widely used in engineering.
According to relevant data, the total output of China's molded bag fabric market is on an upward trend during 2017 - 2021, and the market demand is also growing. For example, in water conservancy projects, molded bags can be used in projects such as riverbed restoration, river training, and flood control dams. In road engineering, molded bag construction is very suitable for slope protection and roadbed reinforcement, which can improve the stability and safety of roads.
However, despite the obvious advantages of the application of molded bags in engineering, there are still some shortcomings in the current research. For example, the molded bag construction technology is relatively new, and the relevant standards and specifications are not perfect. The current mold bag construction is mainly based on steel mold bag and rubber mold bag, in the future, with the continuous research and development and application of new materials, the material of the mold bag will also show a diversified development trend, but the research on new materials is still in its infancy. In addition, the construction of mold bag involves high technical requirements for concrete pouring and installation of mold bag, which requires experienced construction team and supporting equipment, and at present, there are relatively few professional construction team, which also limits the wide application of mold bag in the project.
In summary, as a new type of construction material, the application of mold bag in the project has a broad prospect, but still need to further strengthen the research, improve the relevant standards and norms, and cultivate a professional construction team, in order to promote the wider application of mold bag in the project.

1.2 Research purpose
Mold bag is mainly made of double-layer chemical fiber woven fabrics, according to the different processing technology can be divided into factory production of woven mold bag and hand-sewn simple mold bag two types. The material is usually selected nylon, polyamide or polypropylene and other high-strength filaments, technical performance indicators need to comply with the “geosynthetics filament woven geotextile” standard.
Mold bag has an important role in the project. On the one hand, it can be used as a template, by filling concrete or cement mortar, after solidification to form a whole concrete plate, suitable for slope protection, bank protection and other projects. For example, in the Xinkai River estuary emergency protection project, part of the berm and footing below 1.0m elevation is protected by geotechnical molded bag concrete, which effectively resisted the damage of river scour. On the other hand, the mold bag has a certain degree of water permeability, can quickly reduce the water-cement ratio, accelerate the concrete solidification speed, increase the compressive strength of concrete.
From the perspective of development, with the continuous development of the construction industry and the improvement of environmental protection and energy saving requirements, the market of mold bag construction is promising. At present, China's construction industry is in a high-speed development stage, the demand for construction projects continues to increase, and the bag construction can greatly improve the construction speed, shorten the construction period, while reducing human resources input, improve labor productivity, and therefore favored by construction enterprises and developers. In the future, with the continuous maturation and promotion of the mold bag construction technology, as well as the research and development and application of new materials, the material of the mold bag will be more diversified, such as fiber-reinforced materials or high-strength composite materials can be used as component materials to improve the strength and stability of the wall. At the same time, with the continuous progress of information technology, mold bag construction is also expected to achieve intelligent management and automated construction, improve construction efficiency and quality. In short, the application of mold bag in the project has a broad prospect, in-depth study of the materials, role and development prospects of the mold bag, will provide strong theoretical support for engineering applications.

2.1 Definition of Mold Bag
Mold bag is a new type of construction material widely used in slope protection and other projects, which is made of geotextile fabric into bag-like structure. It plays an important role in the project, and can effectively protect the slope and prevent soil erosion and landslides and other geological disasters.
2.1.1 Material composition
The mold bag is mainly composed of two layers of geotextile fabrics, the two layers of fabrics along the longitudinal and transverse direction of every distance (usually 25 - 20cm), there is a certain length (mostly 7 - 10cm) of nylon rope, the upper and lower layers of fabrics are linked together. This design not only enhances the structural stability of the mold bag, but also controls the thickness of the filled form. The mold bag is filled with concrete or cement mortar, which forms a monolithic concrete slab after solidification, providing a strong support for slope protection and other projects.
2.1.2 Processing technology classification
According to the different processing technology, the mold bag can be divided into two categories: woven mold bag and hand-sewn simple mold bag. Woven mold bag is mainly produced by the factory, the use of high-strength chemical fiber filament by weaving and become, has the advantages of high strength, uniform aperture and so on. Woven mold bag can be made with anti-filtration point form, can be filled with pump mortar or fine gravel concrete. The hand-sewn simple mold bag is sewn using polypropylene fabric, the bag itself does not have the anti-filtration function, need to be paved on the slope surface of the non-woven fabric filter layer, the bag is only filled with mortar and take the artificial way of self-filling. In the actual project application, should be based on the project grade, construction conditions, wind and water conditions, the availability of funds and construction equipment and appearance requirements and other factors, choose the appropriate type of mold bag. For example, for projects with high engineering grades and complex construction conditions, woven mold bags may be more suitable; while for some small projects or projects with limited funds, hand-sewn simple mold bags may be a more economical and practical choice.

2.2 Types of Mold Bags
According to different filling materials and structures, mold bags can be divided into various types, mainly mortar type and concrete type.
2.2.1 Characteristics of different types
Mortar type mold bags can be divided into reverse filtration drainage point - EP type, no reverse filtration drainage point - NF type, hinged block type - RB type and frame grid type - NB type. Among them, there is a reverse filtration drainage point mold bag (FP type) of the injection molding thickness of 10.0 ~ 16.5, mainly used for slope protection, channels, bottom protection, etc.; no reverse filtration drainage point mold bag (NF type) of the thickness of 5.0 ~ 15.0, applicable to the reservoir bank protection, cistern slope, bottom protection, etc.; hinged block-type mold bag (RB type) of the thickness of 10.0 ~ 15.0, commonly used in the soft base of the protection of the surface, rivers and streams. protection project. Concrete mold bag is usually no drainage point - CX type, uniform section type concrete lining self-supporting ability, can be laid on a steep slope of 1:1, can increase the stability of the slope anti-slip to prevent landslides, often used for river embankment slope protection, channels, pond lining.
2.2.2 Material and process impact
Material and processing technology has an important impact on the performance of the mold bag. From the material point of view, the mold bag is mainly made of geotextile fabrics, different materials will affect the strength, durability and water permeability and other properties of the mold bag. For example, the woven mold bag made of high-strength chemical fiber filament, high strength, uniform pore size, can withstand greater pressure and tensile force, suitable for projects with higher engineering grade. On the other hand, hand-stitched simple mold bags using woven polypropylene fabrics are relatively low in strength, but their cost is lower and they are suitable for some small-scale projects.
From the processing technology point of view, the factory production of woven mold bag technology is complex, can be made with anti-filtration point form, can be filled with pump mortar or fine gravel concrete, high construction efficiency. And hand-sewn simple mold bag process is simple, the bag itself does not have the anti-filtration function, need to add non-woven fabric filter layer on the slope, the construction is relatively cumbersome. In addition, the processing technology will also affect the appearance of the bag quality and dimensional accuracy, the overall effect of the project has an impact.

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